I remain somewhat baffled by the relentless procession of news articles stating the US is in recession, or is at risk of slipping into recession. I remain somewhat baffled because apparently it has escaped most everyone’s notice that the US has been in a recession for the last 7 years, more or less since the worst administration in the country’s history* took office. How can I maintain this position given that GDP has been positive? Because GDP growth has been largely illusionary, fueled by massive run-ups in debt, and has been in no way reflective of real growth. Let me explain the key factors involved.
- The Bush Tax Cuts
Quick economics lesson - if you want to stimulate the economy, you give money to people that plan on spending it. Everyone knows this, which is why the (incredibly pointless) stimulus package targets the lower and middle classes. The Bush tax cuts did just the opposite, reducing taxes on upper income earners through direct income tax reductions, and of course lower capital gains and dividend tax rates. Some economic theory holds that by lowering taxes on investment gains, one stimulates investment - which would be true if tax rates were so high as to make investing in more risk-prone ventures no more attractive than their “safe” alternatives (aka tax rates + risk premium = safe return rate). This is however nowhere near the case, so net-net all these tax cuts did was free up a pool of money for Wall Street, thus triggering the….. - Housing Boom
All the extra money floating around needed a home, and much of it went to, well, homes. The additional cash had the dual (and reinforcing) effect of driving down the cost of credit, and driving up house prices. Inflated housing prices made people feel wealthy, and they took out home equity lines to supplement their income. This cash helped fuel much of the economic expansion of the last seven years, but as it wasn’t invested in anything that builds economic return, any gain from it is at best temporary. Even better, it all has to be paid back. But the housing boom has another dark side, in that it distracted people from the … - War on Terror!
During every one of the Bush administration’s years in office, it has run a deficit, largely due to the aforementioned tax cuts and defense spending. Much like the home equity loans above, the government has been stimulating the economy with deficit-spending, which, according to Keynesian economics, is just the sort of thing one does when one is trying to combat a recession. Contrary to popular belief, money for endeavors like the Iraq war does not go into a black hole – it goes directly into the hands of defense contractors, who in turn use it to buy stuff. This is the heart of the “war is good for the economy” argument, a statement which is not inherently wrong, but perhaps a bit misleading. Deficit spending can be good for the economy, but something like the war in Iraq is one of the worst uses of those funds. When one borrows in the present, one tries to invest in something that has a return. Investment in the future was just what Keynes had in mind; deficit spending used to build power plants, roads, schools, and telecommunications lines in the long run strengthens the economy, which allows one to pay back debt through increased tax revenue. Investment in bombs, on the other hand, is the equivalent of your borrowing money and just giving it to Best Buy. It might help the economy a bit, but your shiny new wide-screen TV isn’t going to generate much of a return a year down the road.
And thus we have two policies, and three pillars, which have supported an economy which would otherwise have been characterized as recessionary. Remove the trillion or so dollars a year the housing boom and deficit spending pumped into the economy and economic growth would have been decidedly negative. This is also why so few people have felt any improvement in living conditions or wages.
I believe this situation can be fixed, but massive government funded and or prodded fiscal mismanagement has created a very, very deep hole to climb out of. I’d suggest moving to Australia, but it would mean becoming a victim of our foreign policy.
*”The worst administration”, you ask quizzically. “Yes”, I reply, “No government has before done so much harm, perhaps even irreparable harm, in so short a time. If you don’t believe, me, you should read this.”